Rotator cuff injuries are common, especially among athletes, construction workers, or anyone performing repetitive overhead or strenuous shoulder movements. Injuries can also result from falls or direct trauma to the shoulder.

Symptoms of a Rotator Cuff Injury:

• Pain in the shoulder when lifting, lowering, or rotating the arm.

• Pain that worsens at night or when resting the arm.

• A dull, persistent ache in the shoulder.

• Weakness in the shoulder, making it difficult to lift or rotate the arm.

• Popping, clicking, or crackling sensations during movement.

• Limited range of motion in the shoulder.

• Pain severe enough to prevent sleeping on the affected side.

• Sharp or stabbing sensations in the shoulder during certain movements.

These symptoms can affect daily activities and, if persistent, may require medical evaluation for diagnosis and treatment.

Physical Examination:

• The healthcare provider will palpate (press on) different areas of the shoulder to locate tenderness or abnormalities.

• Your arm will be moved into various positions to assess pain, flexibility, and range of motion.

• Muscle strength around the shoulder and arms will be tested to identify weakness or functional deficits.

Imaging Tests:

• X-rays: While rotator cuff tears themselves don’t appear on X-rays, these images can reveal bone spurs, arthritis, or other structural issues contributing to pain.

• Ultrasound: Uses sound waves to visualize muscles, tendons, and other soft tissues. It allows dynamic assessment, meaning the shoulder can be examined during movement, and provides comparison with the healthy shoulder.

• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Offers detailed images of all shoulder structures, including muscles, tendons, and cartilage, providing a comprehensive view to confirm a tear or other injury.

These diagnostic steps help the doctor determine the severity of the injury and guide appropriate treatment.

Recovery after rotator cuff repair depends on the size of the tear and individual healing factors:

• Healing time: Tendons generally heal to the bone within about 6 weeks, but full tendon recovery can take up to 9 months.

• Return to activities: Most daily activities can usually be resumed after approximately 12 weeks. Vigorous sports or heavy lifting may be restricted for 4–6 months.

• Shoulder strength: Full recovery of shoulder muscle strength may take up to 9 months.

• Pain: Some pain or soreness is normal for several months after surgery and should gradually improve over time.

Rehabilitation and physical therapy play a crucial role in regaining strength, flexibility, and function during this period.

Rehabilitation after rotator cuff repair is essential to restore shoulder function, strength, and flexibility. The process is carefully structured and often guided by a physical therapist to ensure optimal recovery.

Key Components:

• Tailored exercises: Personalized programs help regain strength and improve mobility.

• Range of motion movements: Specific exercises restore flexibility and prevent stiffness.

• Strength training: Focuses on rebuilding shoulder muscles and enhancing joint stability.

• Pain management: Techniques and medications help control discomfort during recovery.

• Gradual activity reintroduction: Daily tasks and functional movements are reintroduced progressively to ensure safe and effective use of the shoulder.

Following the rehabilitation plan closely ensures better outcomes, reduces the risk of re-injury, and helps patients return to their normal activities safely.